Introduction
SRGs, sex reversal associated genes, were manually collected from 1,611 papers. According to these articles, we found 258 SRGs, 6 drugs and 11 hormones, which were validated to be functional in sex reversal in different species, and built the regulatory networks of SRGs. SRGs were verified by experimental methods, such as phenotype observation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and so on.
Famous SRGs
In the table below, we have listed some of the most common genes related to sexual reversal. They all have relevant experimental evidence. These genes are represented by the names of human genes, and homologous genes of other species have similar functions.
| # | Symbol | Full | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amh | anti-Mullerian hormone | This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins, which causes the regression of Mullerian ducts in the male embryo. It`s critical for male development. |
| 2 | Cyp19a1a | cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a | This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. This protein catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis and is critical for female development. |
| 3 | Dmrt1 | doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 | This gene encodes a protein with a zinc finger-like DNA-binding motif domain, which is an ancient, conserved component of the vertebrate sex-determining pathway. It`s critical for male development. |
| 4 | Foxl2 | forkhead box L2 | This gene encodes a forkhead transcription factor. The protein contains a fork-head DNA-binding domain and plays a role in ovarian development and function. |
| 5 | Sox9 | SRY-box 9 | This gene encodes a transcription factor that recognizes the CCTTGAG motif. Sox9 is a direct downstream target of SRY and is critical for male development. |
| 6 | Sry | sex determining region Y | This gene encodes a transcription factor, which initiates male sex determination. |
| 7 | Wnt4 | Wnt family member 4 | This gene encodes a signaling protein, which can influence the sex-determination cascade, especially the control of female development and the prevention of testes formation. |
| 8 | Wt1 | Wilms tumor 1 | This gene encodes a transcription factor. It has an essential role in the normal development of the urogenital system. |